Pipe fittings are pipe components that facilitate routing of pipes for changes in direction, size changes, and branch connections. They are made of different materials such as carbon steel, stainless steel, copper, iron, brass, PVC, etc. Different pipe fittings have different functions according to layout or process requirements. Common types of pipe fittings are pipe elbows, pipe reducers, tee connectors, Olet connectors, unions, couplings, stubs, valves, flanges, adapters, caps, plugs, bushings, crosses etc., widely used in the plumbing and plumbing industries.