Seamless steel pipes, as the name suggests, have no seams and are produced by hot rolling and cold rolling. Welded pipe, on the other hand, is made by rolling coils of steel to the required gauge thickness, a manufacturing process that leaves seams in the pipe body. The next stage is to cut the joints to a width that corresponds to the size of the pipe to be constructed.

The choice between seamless and welded pipes depends on various factors such as the application, cost considerations, and the specific requirements of the project. Each type has its advantages and disadvantages.

IPEAA, or I-beam with parallel flanges and a reduced flange width, is a type of structural steel beam. The specifications you provided seem to be related to a specific size and material grade for IPEAA beams. Here's a breakdown:

"Semi-metallic" generally refers to a material that contains a combination of metallic and non-metallic components. This term is commonly used in various contexts:1. **Brake Pads:** - *Composition:* In the context of brake pads, "semi-metallic" refers to a type of brake pad that contains a mix of

Flexible rubber joints with a flange type and a single sphere design are components used in piping systems to absorb movements, vibrations, and noise while accommodating misalignments. These joints are particularly useful in systems where there may be thermal expansion, mechanical vibration, or other dynamic forces.

Pipe fittings are pipe components that facilitate routing of pipes for changes in direction, size changes, and branch connections. They are made of different materials such as carbon steel, stainless steel, copper, iron, brass, PVC, etc. Different pipe fittings have different functions according to layout or process requirements. Common types of pipe fittings are pipe elbows, pipe reducers, tee connectors, Olet connectors, unions, couplings, stubs, valves, flanges, adapters, caps, plugs, bushings, crosses etc., widely used in the plumbing and plumbing industries.